PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS BRANCHES

 

What is psychology? The answer for this question includes various definitions. As a student of education, lets discuss and understand the basic definition of psychology and its branches.

“PSYCHOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF HUMAN NATURE” – Langfield.

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

            Psychology can be defined as the study of mind and behaviour. It encompasses the biological influences, social pressures and environmental factors that affect how people think, act and feel. The word Psychology is dervied from the Greek letter Ψ "Psi ". It is the combination of two words 'psyche' and 'logus'. Psyche means soul and logus means science. Thus, psychology can be defined as the Science of the soul. It is also referred as the Science of mind and the Science of behaviour by various scholars. 

Psychology helps you to understand the mental activities, experiences, and behaviour of humans. It deals with the experiences of Conscious, Sub-conscious and unconscious levels of Human mind. Behaviour in psychology includes physical and mental activities such as thinking, imagining that could be indirectly observed and emotions such as anger, joy, etc.

“PSYCHOLOGY IS THE SCIENCE WHICH AIMS TO GIVE US BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND CONTROL OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORGANISM AS A WHOLE” -William McDougall

What is soul?

As we know that psychology is the study of mind and behaviour, it is the science of soul. To understand this further effectively, we have to know what soul is. The SOUL can be defined as a part of person that consists of mind, character, thoughts and feelings. It can be said that it is the ‘mental abilities of a living being’ and it confers the individuality and humanity.

BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY:

                  Psychology is used in every aspects of human life. It has branched into many fields as it is very helpful in all fields and improves prevailing conditions.

Some of it branches are as follow:

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY : It's a study of abnormal individuals and applied to treat a person of abnormal behaviour. 

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY : It is a study which treats a person of mental illness through clinical observations.

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY : It's a study of human thought process, memory, perceptions through experiments.

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY : In developmental psychology, emotional and physical development from birth to old age is observed. 

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY : In this branch of psychology, the behaviour of humans are observed experimentally.

CHILD PSYCHOLOGY : This branch of psychology deals with the development in the behaviour of child. As child differ from the adult in all aspects of behaviour.

ADULT PSYCHOLOGY :  It studies the behaviour of adult. An adult is a matured person, his emotional, social and intellectual behaviour is different from that of child.

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY : Educational psychology is one of the branches of applied psychology concerned with the application of the principles, techniques and other resource of psychology to the solution of the problems confronting the teacher attempting to direct the growth of children toward defined objectives. More specifically, we can say educational psychology is concerned with an understanding of: 

• The child, his development, his need and his potentialities. 

• The learning situation including group dynamics as the affect learning. 

• The learning process its nature and the ways to make it effective. Stated differently, the Central theme of Educational Psychology is Psychology of learning.

GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY: It is concerned with the development stages of an individual and the evolution of behaviour and its relation to different types of mental activities.

SOCIAL OR GROUP PSYCHOLOGY: This branch of psychology deals with the behaviour of an individual as a member of a group. A mob does not act in the same way as a majority of its members would act individually.

COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY : Its a study to treat a stressed person by giving counseling.

INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY: It deals with social psychology with the reference to work, both individual as well as collective. This study of industrial psychology makes the work more attractive and interesting. And it makes the output of the industry to get improved and increased. 

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