SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY- STRUCTURALISM

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     In our previous post, We learned about psychology and its branches . In this post, we're going to know about "SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY". Before entering into the topic, lets have a quick sumup on psycholology. To get a detailed definition on psychology, check out previous post.

PSYCHOLOGY : 

          Psychology can be defined as the study of mind and behaviour. There are many defintions for psychology given by various scholars, psychology can be referred as the Science of the soul, Science of the mind and science of the behaviour. In present days, the study of psychology has became very effective in all fields. It has branched into many subfields such as clinical psychology, child, adult, social psychologies, etc..

Lets know, what 'the schools of psychology' are.

SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY:

          In fact, psychology has been determined by a number of disciplines. Psychology had been developed into an independent field. It can also be applied in any field to get a prospective development. There are many approaches or schools of thought on the subject of psychology. 

In this post, lets see the important systems or schools of psychology. 

There are mainly five important schools of psychology. 

• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Behaviourism
• Humanism
• Psychoanalysis

STRUCTURALISM :

          Structuralism is an experimental science of psychology. This school of psychology is mainly  focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components. There were four German scientists Ernest Weber, Gustav Fechner, Herman von Helmholtz and Wilhelm Wundt, who closely involved with the making of psychology an experimental science.  Through their research in physiology, each of them got interested in psychological problems. 

            Wundt  wrote all his research details in his first systematic book of the subject titled "PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY" (1873). He founded the first experimental laboratory of psychology in Leipzig (Germany) in 1879.  Before that, an American philosopher William James (1842-1910) had set up a small demonstration laboratory at Harvard in 1871. 

            Wundt started his career as physiologist, but became highly interested in the more complex mental processes and was satisfied that experimental methods of physiologist could be applied to research on consciousness. WILHELM WUNDT is called the "FATHER OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY". 

Wundt's psychology was emigrated to the United states by one of his brilliant students, Edward Bradford Titchener. Another student of Wundt, James McKeen Cattell(1860-1944) of Columbia University experimented on the psychology of individual differences. 

              E B TITCHENER (1867-1927) Carried out systematic research on the lines of Wundt's Psychology. He firmly believed that Science of psychology should deal with things that are exist. The ultimate aim of psychology is to study and understand human mind and its structure that isolates elementary processes from the complexity of consciousness.

Titchener says, "No concrete mental process, no idea or feeling that we actually experience as part of a consciousness is a simple process but that all alike are made up of a number of really simple processes blended together. These simple processes are called mental elements. They are numerous; they are probably some 50,000 of them; but they can all be grouped into broad classes, as sensations and affections". Scientific enquiry goes from 'parts to the wholes'. We must begin with the atoms of a situation before getting it in its totality. 

Structuralism has been censured by the reason that general system of psychology was too narrow to embrace all aspects of human behaviour.

EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS:

        

     Structuralism emerged out of laboratory experiments in Germany by some important scientists, which has given a careful method of data collection. It deployed stress on the spirit of science and experimentation in handling educational matters. Structuralism intensified the systematic observation of the activities of the mind. Experiments in the field of educational psychology where initiated on the basis of experimentation of structuralism. 

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