MAMLUK DYNASTY

  MAMLUK DYANASTY (SLAVE DYNASTY)

                      

     

          After the death of Mohammed Ghori, Qutb-din-Aibak ascended the throne in Delhi. As Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the slave of Mohammed Ghori, this dynasty was known as the Slave dynasty. Mamluk was the Arabic designation of Slave.

QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK(1206 - 1210):

             Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the founder of Slave dynasty. Lakhbaksha was another name of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He was enslaved as a boy and sold to Mohammed Ghori. Later with his ability and loyalty, he succeeded the throne. He reigned his empire for 4 years. He appointed Bhakthiyar khaliji as commander-in cheif, who captured bihar, bengal regions and destroyed Nallandha University. Aibak made Lahore as his captial. "Quwat-ul-Islam" was the oldest mosque built by him. The great "Qutb Minar" Monument was Started to built by him. Qutb-ud-din Aibak was died in lahore at 1210, he met with an accident while playing Chaugan (Horse polo).

SHAMS-UD-DIN ILTUTMISH(1210-1236):

 

              Shams-ud-din Iltutmish was the Successor of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He was the Slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Later Iltutmish became Aibak's Son-in-law. He reigned between the period of 1210 - 1236. Iltutmish was considered to be the best administrator of his dynasty. He defeated many Rajput kings of Gwalior, Ranthambor, Ajmer and Jalore. He was a remarkable ruler, for his completion of "Qutb Minar", a colossal victory tower of 243 feet. He refused to support Khwarizmi shah Jalaluddin, because it may lead Chengiz khan (Mongols) to invade india. 'Sagalkani' was a group of 40 nobles. There were forty Turkish scholars. In his period, there were Iq tadars i.e. boundary regions of empire. The ruler of Iq tadars was called as Iqta. They collect revenues and supported in wars. Iltutumish was the first to introduce less weight coins of 175 grams. The copper coins were named as Tanka and the silver coins were named as Jittal. Iltutmish had a son and a daughter. Iltutmish was died in 1236.

RAZIYA SULTANA(1236-1240):

             

    

              After Iltutmish his daughter Raziya Sultana succeeded the throne. Iltutmish elder son, was died. Raziya Sultana became the one and only Female ruler of Delhi Sultanates. She was well-versed in hunting, horse riding, war crafting etc. She was not accepted as a ruler by the forty nobles. Raziya appointed Yakut as Commander or as her Safeguarder. Raziya Sultana got married to Althurini. After their marriage, they came to delhi. There was a Rebillion occured in Bathinda. Yakut was died in that, and Raziya & Althurini git killed. Ibabattuda wrote an account on Raziya Sultana.

NASIR-UD-DIN (1240-1266):

               After Raziya's death Iltutmish's younger son Nasir-ud-din came to throne. He reigned nearly 20 years(1240-1266). Balban, one of the 40 nobles, father-in law of Nasir-ud-din had been a great support for Nasir-ud-din. 

GHIYAS-UD-DIN BALBAN (1266-1286):

                After the death of Nasir-ud-din, Balban announced himself as a ruler. He was considered to be one of the important king of Mamluk dynasty. He reigned the next 20 years upto 1286. He titled himself as Na'ib-i-mulk. He had been a rude and cruel king. Balban abolished 40 nobles group. Tughril Khan was slave and the governor of Balban. Balban killed his slave, as he opposed Balban once. Indian muslims were called as Mewat or Meow. The Spy system was followed. And the Paibos system i.e. kissing the feet of the king was also followed. This shows his rudeness. Balban had ended the riots of Mongol into friendly relation with Mongols as this was evident from the Sutlaj river agreement. Balban had also maintained a good relationship with Hulagukhan, viceroy of Iran.

Balban's son, Mohammed khan, governor of Multan was died . This made a great pain to Balban. Balban got so vexed because of this tragedy and that caused him to fell ill and led to death. Balban died in 1287. After his death Balban's another son Kaiqubad was found unfit to the throne, his three year old son kaymars was placed on the throne. 

The Mamluk dynasty came to end in 1290 CE. Next, "THE KHALIJI DYNASTY" came to power. 

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