AKBAR

 JALALUDDIN MOHAMMED AKBAR (1556-1605)

          After the death of Humayun, his son Akbar came to power in 1556 CE. Akbar was born on 1542 CE. He became a king at the age of 14. As Akbar lost his father he was brought up by his step mother Maham Anaga. Akbar's guardian name was Bairam khan. Later, he killed Bairam khan and brought his family to delhi In Early stage of rule, Akbar ruled his empire under the advisory of his step mother. So, it was known as petticoat government. His step mother wanted her own son to ascend the crown. But later, Akbar killed him. Akbar gave a post of Khan-i-kanna i.e poet laureate to Bairam khan's son Abdul rahim. 

FIRST BATTLE:

HEMU VS AKBAR

            Akbar faced his first battle at panipet, 1556. The battle of panipet II was between the Afghan ruler Adil shah(king), Hemu (commander-in cheif) and Akbar. In that war, Hemu became blind because of an arrow attacked on his eyes. Fortunately, this made Akbar to get victory. 

IMPORTANT BATTLES:

• BATTLE OF MEWAR- Durgadevi, queen of Mewar defeated by Akbar. 
• BATTLE OF AHAMEDNAGAR - Chand bibi, Queen of Ahamednagar defeated by Akbar.

• BATTLE OF HALDIYADI: In 1576, Raja uday singh's son Manarana prathap singh battled with Akbar. He got defeated by Akbar and he escaped in horse Chetak. In this battle, Akbar was impressed by the Rajputs commander-in cheif Jaimmal and patta. As Akbar was impressed by his bravery he built a statue of both in Agra port. 

EXPEDITIONS OF AKBAR: 

• 1526 - Expedition on Malwa region ruled by Bagh Bahadur.
• 1564 -  Expedition on  Durgadevi's  Gondvana.
• 1573 -  Expedition on Gujarat
• 1576 - Expedition on Bihar and Bengal.
• 1586 - Expedition on Kashmir
• 1591 - Expedition on Deccan
• 1596 - Expedition on Central India (Ahmadnagar) reigned by Chan bibi

JODHAAKBAR- RAJPUT ALLIANCE:

           In 1562 Akbar married Raja Bharaml's daughter Harka bhai, also known as Jodha. Thus, he made a relationship with Rajput kings. He abolished Jizya tax paid by Non- muslims. He gave high ranking positions to Rajputs in his councils. Jodha and Akbar 's son salim married to a Rajput princess, Daughter of Rajabagavandas.  

AKBAR INTRODUCES

1.  Mansabdari system was introduced by Akbar. It was ranking system in Military. He also gave salaries for military men. This system was classified into two. 

• Jat - 10 to 10000 (as per horses)
• Satwa-  as per soldiers

      2.  In 1575, Akbar introduced Ibakat khana which was a debating hall. Later, in 1582 he abolished it. 

       3.  Akbar accepted all religion and he created a religion in 1582. He named it Dauhid-i-illahi and later it was called as Din-i-illahi.

     

        4.  It was considered to be the Universal religion and it had only 15 members. One of the important member was Akbar's minister Birbal.  

 

        5.  Akbar created a city named "FATEHPUR SIKRI". He announced it as his capital, before that Agra was the capital city. 

       6.   He built a monument called "Buland Darwaza" in the city of Fatehpur sikri. The word Buland Darwaza means victory.

AKBAR'S END:

         

          In 1604, Akbar fell in sick. Suffering a year, Akbar died of ill on october 27, 1605.

Akbar's biography was written by Abul Fazal. It was named as "Aini-i-akbari" or "Akbar nama".