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  DELHI SULTANATES             As we know from our previous posts, Delhi sultanates were of Turkish origin and their leader was Khalifa and we known about their dynasties. In this post, we are going to know about their Trade/ Business, Architecture, Education and some other historical facts and information of Delhi Sultanates period. TRADE & BUSINESS:           Many new inventions came into India during this period of sultanates.   Paper- making technology, Spinning wheels, treadle discovered by Chinese were came into India. These technologies helped in trade & business. Spinning wheel enlarged the yarn production and developed the trade. Sericulture was introduced during this period. Sericulture centre was established in Bengal. ARCHITECTURE:           Building activities were largely developed using bricks and mort...

SAYYID DYNASTY(1414-1451) Tuglaq dynasty came to end by the invasion led by Timur who was a Turk. He appointed Khizr Khan to oversee after the Tuglaq dynasty Timur and Khizr Khan Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid Dynasty. There is nothing much about the conquest and rule of this dynasty. There comes many rulers to rule the Dynasty. The last ruler of this Dynasty had a specific quality. He denied the royal privilege and led a normal life with his people. His name was Alauddin Alam Shah. So this Dynasty ended. This gave way for the new Dynasty to form.  LODI DYNASTY Lodi Dynasty was the last dynasty in Delhi Sultanate.  Bahlul Lodi Bahlul Lodi was the founder of the Lodi Dynasty. Then came Sikander Lodi who has created Agra and kept his capital. Lodi Dynasty has many loopholes and doesn't have any unity to survive with power as sultan. They often fought for the throne. No one had the responsibility to conquer the lands and expand the territory. Within the family, there were a lot of...

  TUGHLAQ DYNASTY    After the decline of Khaliji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty came into power in 1320 CE.   GHIYAS-UD-DIN TUGHLAQ (1320-1325):                   Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq founded this dynasty. His other name was Khazi Malik. He reigned only for nearly five years upto 1325. Khazi Malik died in 1325.  MOHAMED-BIN TUGHLAQ (1325-1351):                After Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq's death, his son Junakhan became the ruler. Junakhan changed his name as  Mohamed-bin Tughlaq .  He made many expiditions. He defeated warangal ruler and captured it. He brought many changes during his reign. But, it didn't brought him great success. He changed his capital from Delhi to Devagiri. He changed his capital name as Daulahadabad. But it had drawbacks. The capital was in the centre of his empire. So, it had many difficulties. The soldiers who were in boundaries felt difficult in ...

  KHALIJI DYNASTY (1290-1320) MALIK JALAL-UD-DIN KHALIJI         Khaliji dynasty started with the rule of Malik Jalal-ud-din Khaliji (1290 - 1296). Jalal-ud-din Khaliji He ascended the throne after murdered Balban's son who belongs to the Mamluk dynasty (Slave dynasty) and Mamluk came to an end. Jalal-ud-din was a trusted commander to the Slave dynasty. He was old, but he achieved victory by standing against the Mongol troops and even resisting their access to India. Jalal-ud-din's relative and son-in-law, Alauddin Khaliji was his commander in general who was also a warrior with so much fierce and valor. Many inscriptions stated the victory of khalijis over other kingdoms. it was an unknown source that stated that Alauddin khiliji murdered Jalal-ud-din. ALAUDDIN KHALIJI ALAUDDIN KHALIJI Alauddin Khaliji, the base founder of the Khaliji dynasty who was known for his moves to capture every kingdom which automatically increased their power and extended their t...

   MAMLUK DYANASTY (SLAVE DYNASTY)                                         After the death of Mohammed Ghori, Qutb-din-Aibak ascended the throne in Delhi. As Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the slave of Mohammed Ghori, this dynasty was known as the Slave dynasty. Mamluk was the Arabic designation of Slave . QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK(1206 - 1210):               Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the founder of Slave dynasty. Lakhbaksha was another name of  Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He was enslaved as a boy and sold to Mohammed Ghori. Later with his ability and loyalty, he succeeded the throne. He reigned his empire for 4 years. He appointed Bhakthiyar khaliji as commander-in cheif, who captured bihar, bengal regions and destroyed Nallandha University. Aibak made Lahore as his captial. "Quwat-ul-Islam" was the oldest mosque built by him. The great "Qutb Minar" Monument...

 The Sultanates of Delhi were the important figure in Indian history. We cannot skip this chapter without any lapses. India's fertility invited many invaders in Medieval India. Much known was Muhamed- Bin-Quasim who invaded with a remarkable attitude who ravaged almost everything but he only touched the rim of India. The most important invader was Gazini Muhammed who invaded India approximately 17 times and defeated the Shahi dynasty. His most important invasion was the Somnath temple invasion(1025) which was his 16th invasion where he destroyed every important information about the temple even he plundered every wealth in that Somnath temple. Somnath temple      The history indicates the invasions till now but then came Gori Muhammed who intended to live in India and defeated Prithiviraj Chauhan, Rajput king in the Battle of Terrain(1192) even Gori Muhammed lost the first battle of Terrain(1191) to Prithiviraj Chauhan.  GORI        ...

  SATAVAHANA DYNASTY Satavahana Dynasty The Satavahana Dynasty was one of the famous dynasties in the Pre-Gupta period. This dynasty prevailed north Maharastra and gradually extended its power over Karnataka and Andhra. And Satavahanas were often stated as Andhras as the sources assigned it with it. The most famous rulers of this dynasty were Gauthamiputra Satakarni and his successor Vashishthiputra Pulamayi. They strongly believed and desired to control India in one rule and stood against the external allies. THE SAKAS The Sakas     The Sakas were of Iranian origin and settled in the region of Indus Valleys' civilization. They even embraced Indian culture and so their coins represent Hindu gods. They also overthrew the Satavahanas during the supremacy of Rudraman who was deemed the major Saka ruler. THE KUSHANS The Kushanas     Kanishka was the well-known ruler in the Kushans dynasty, which this kingdom ruled over Afghanistan and their territories later they ex...